What is 3G spectrum? How does it help you?

What is spectrum?

Radio spectrum refers to a range of radio frequencies. The bandwidth of a radio signal is the difference between the upper and lower frequencies of the signal.

For example, in the case of a voice signal having a minimum frequency of 200 hertz (Hz) and a maximum frequency of 3,000 Hz, the bandwidth is 2,800 Hz (3 KHz). The amount of bandwidth needed for 3G services could be as much as 15-20 Mhz, whereas for 2G services a bandwidth of 30-200 KHz is used. Hence, for 3G huge bandwidth is required.

How is 3G different from 2G and 4G?

While 2G stands for second-generation wireless telephone technology, 1G networks used are analog, 2G networks are digital and 3G (third-generation) technology is used to enhance mobile phone standards.

3G helps to simultaneously transfer both voice data (a telephone call) and non-voice data (such as downloading information, exchanging e-mail, and instant messaging. The highlight of 3G is video telephony. 4G technology stands to be the future standard of wireless devices.

Currently, Japanese company NTT DoCoMo and Samsung are testing 4G communication.

In how many countries does 3G exist?

There are about 60 3G networks across 25 countries . In Asia, Europe and the USA, telecom firms use WCDMA technology. The WCDMA standard provides seamless global evolution from today's GSM with support of the worlds' largest mobile operators.

WCDMA technology is built on open standards, wide ranging mobile multimedia possibility, and vast potential economies of scale with the support of around 100 terminal designs to operate 3G mobile networks.

3G services were introduced in Europe in 2003.

India holds the asia cup after 15 years…

Atlast dhoni's captancy proved very very lucky as india defeated srilanka in the finals of the asia cup. Indian bowling was absolutely stunning as they bowled beautifully  to restrict sri lanka early in the innings and get hold of the match india need to continue this kind of form in order to grab the 2011 Wc coming up next year,…

Indian batting improved much after they lost to the same team 2 days ago and today the were under good control of the things compared to the previous match which atlast fetched them a victory to end up in the asia cup final that took 15 years to come back to india,since 2000 india have won only once in the finals against srilanka and hence this match turned out to be a record breaking performance giving lots of confidence to the captain and the team as a whole….

 

Cricket vs FootBall vs Tennis

All are sports and people are enchanted to all of them,we got stars in every kind of sports and people just doesn't find them attractive, its because they were made attractive by the stars of their skills and audience just got a great felling of love towards these stars and atlast loved the game because the stars were playing it...and not because of the game itself...

Yes,i am talking of the stars who made the audience fly in the sky with their skill it doesn't matter which game it is but their skill put them in the hot seats...

Sachin Tendulkar for suppose brought a cricketing revolution to the indian cricket fans with the way he plays and occupied and huge place in the hearts of cricket lovers !!

Fedex of swiss comes when we talk of tennis as he rocked in the tennis world for years breaking the records which were to be broken and only he can do it....

When it comes to football,i dont follow football to the extent upto which i follow cricket,but football is loved all around the world making,,,i dont watch it but its certainly an attractive!!!

Think Hatke..!!!

Long Live Your Laptop Battery!

Laptop batteries are like people--eventually and inevitably, they die. And like people, they don't obey Moore's Law--You can't expect next year's batteries to last twice as long as this year's. Battery technology may improve a bit over time (after all, there's plenty of financial incentive for better batteries), but, while interesting possibilities may pop up, don't expect major battery breakthroughs in the near future.

Although your battery will eventually die, proper care can put off the inevitable. Here's how to keep your laptop battery working for as long as possible. With luck, it could last until you need to replace that aging notebook (perhaps with a laptop having a longer battery life).

I've also included a few tips on keeping the battery going longer between charges, so you can work longer without AC power.
Don't Run It Down to Empty


Squeezing every drop of juice out of a lithium ion battery (the type used in today's laptops) strains and weakens it. Doing this once or twice won't kill the battery, but the cumulative effect of frequently emptying your battery will shorten its lifespan.

(There's actually an exception to this rule--a circumstance where you should run down the battery all the way. I'll get to that later.)

The good news: You probably can't run down the battery, anyway--at least not without going to a lot of trouble to do so. Most modern laptops are designed to shut down before the battery is empty.

In fact, Vista and Windows 7 come with a setting for just this purpose. To see it, click Start, type power, and select Power Options. Click any one of the Change plan settings links, then the Change advanced power settings link. In the resulting dialog box, scroll down to and expand the Battery option. Then expand Critical battery level. The setting will probably be about 5 percent, which is a good place to leave it.

XP has no such native setting, although your laptop may have a vendor-supplied tool that does the same job.

Keep It Cool
Heat breaks down the battery, and reduces its overall life.

When you use your laptop, make sure the vents are unblocked. Never work with the laptop on pillows or cushions. If possible, put it on a raised stand that allows for plenty of airflow.

Also, clean the vents every so often with a can of compressed air. You can buy this for a few dollars at any computer store. Be sure to follow the directions on the can, and do this only when the notebook is off.

Give It a Rest
If you're going to be working exclusively on AC power for a week or more, remove the battery first.

Otherwise, you'll be wearing out the battery--constantly charging and discharging it--at a time when you don't need to use it at all. You're also heating it up (see "Keep It Cool," above).

You don't want it too empty when you take it out. An unused battery loses power over time, and you don't want all the power to drain away, so remove it when it's at least half-charged.

Never remove the battery while the computer is on, or even in standby or sleep mode; doing so will crash your system and possibly damage your hardware. Even inserting a battery into a running laptop can damage the system. So only remove or reinsert the battery when the laptop is completely off or hibernating.

If you've never removed your laptop's battery and don't know how, check your documentation. (If you don't have it, you can probably find it online.) The instructions generally involve turning the laptop upside-down and holding down a button while you slide out the battery.

Longer Life Between Charges
The tips above should lengthen the time before you need to replace your laptop's battery. But on a daily basis, we're far more concerned with another type of battery life: how long we can keep our laptop running without AC power. You may know most of the following tips already, but it never hurts to refresh (or recharge) your memory.

India "Nailed" pakistan

Wat a shot that is it was huge enough to shatter the smiles of pakistani players and that came just when necessary from "Harbhajan"(Commentator applauded "Sing is king") to "punch" pakistan out of the asia cup and india confirms their place in the finals of the asia cup and will be confronting lankan in the finals ;...

It was a typical india-pakistan match where india showed their supreme domination over their rivals,there was everything in this game to end india winning it in a last over thriller with bajji going big over the midwicket region,such was the intensity of the game as pakistan must win this game to stay in the tournament it was hard to pick the winner but atlast Raina took the game away in the final overs,once in looked easy but last over tension has taken his wicket,thats a part of the game as india rocket in the finals of the asia cup....

At the heroics of bajji,glorious fielding form indians in the outfield helped india outclass the pakistani,but pakistani bowlers did extremely well in the beginning shewag was cramped for room and could do nothing but just hang on for a while...

A mobile that will operate with gaze of an eye

In the not so distant future you would only need to look at your spectacles intently to read your mobile messages or watch a video clip, apart from making the basic phone call.

Finnish mobile technology giant, the $50-billion Nokia, is working on a gizmo in which an eye gaze is the critical factor. You look intently at a message or at a video icon and they would open right in front of your eyes.

“We are working on a mobile that operates with the gaze of an eye,” Jyri Huopaniemi, director with Nokia’s research centre, told IANS correspondent during a visit to the company’s headquarters in the Finnish capital.

Called the Gaze Tracker, a prototype of this cutting-edge technology product is on display at the company’s lounge in a gargantuan atrium that does justice to the impressive glass face.

“One only needs to wear this, put on an arm band and place the ear piece in the ear. Then, you would be able to read the messages in the Gaze Tracker,” explained Marika Gallar who works in the lounge, showing the gizmo to this correspondent.

“This mobile phone needs to be calibrated to your eye so that it reads your eye movements,” she said. She did not say when the device would hit the market. “I don’t know,” she said cryptically, refusing to divulge any more confidential business information.

She said people all over the world, gizmo lovers or otherwise, eagerly look forward to mobile phone developments at Nokia. “People just love it,” she said with a smile.

The Nokia lounge not only shows early products, including an obese handset that was among the first to hit the market and cost a small fortune to the latest offerings that are state-of-the-art and have excellent sound and picture quality.

Officials here are impressed with the growth of the Indian mobile phone market. “We know you add some 20 million new connections every month - that is four times our population,” said a senior executive.

India is the second largest market for Nokia after China.

India Reloaded

Indians will be facing bangaldesh in their 1st match of Asia cup,this will be intresting because all the seniors were rested for the zimbabwe tour and it will be testing time for the senior players who will make their come back today after resting for a month ...it will be different facing bangla desh this time as this side can surprise the opposition at any momment and india is not coming up their full strength as sachin requested rest for the asia cup and yuvraj was removed from the side due to bad performance in the past ...

On a whole it will test the stability of indian side as a whole and hope india moves forward with a win...

Bloody Sunday

At the beginning of the 20th century the Russian industrial employee worked on average an 11 hour day (10 hours on Saturday). Conditions in the factories were extremely harsh and little concern was shown for the workers' health and safety. Attempts by workers to form trade unions were resisted by the factory owners and in 1903, a priest, Father George Gapon, formed the Assembly of Russian Workers. Within a year it had over 9,000 members.

1904 was a bad year for Russian workers. Prices of essential goods rose so quickly that real wages declined by 20 per cent. When four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers were dismissed at the Putilov Iron Works, Gapon called for industrial action. Over the next few days over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went out on strike.

In an attempt to settle the dispute, George Gapon decided to make a personal appeal to Nicholas II. He drew up a petition outlining the workers' sufferings and demands. This included calling for a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and an improvement in working conditions. Gapon also called for the establishment of universal suffrage and an end to the Russo-Japanese War.

Over 150,000 people signed the petition and on 22nd January, 1905, Gapon led a large procession of workers to the Winter Palace in order to present the petition to Nicholas II. When the procession of workers reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the police and the Cossacks. Over 100 workers were killed and some 300 wounded. The incident, known as Bloody Sunday, signalled the start of the 1905 Revolution.

Make ur pc talk...

Copy the following code in a notepad and save it as '.vbs' extension
Click on the saved file and type the word u want to hear from the PC!!
------------------------------------------------
Dim msg, sapi
msg=InputBox("Enter your text","Talk it")
Set sapi=CreateObject("sapi.spvoice")
sapi.Speak msg
------------------------------------------------

Facebook 'sexiest video' malware

If you get a posting on your Facebook wall telling you "this is without doubt the sexiest video ever! :P :P :P" which seems to be accompanied by a video titled "Candid Camera Prank [HQ]" then don't click on the video: it's a lead-in to malware.

Clicking the link will take you to what seems like a Facebook application which then tells you that your video player is out of date – and encourages you to download a file.

If you do, then the same "video" plus link gets posted using your avatar to al your friends on Facebook -– meaning it is spreading virally.

It's not clear at present whether Facebook has acted to halt it. You should, however, expect that it will mutate in the coming hours/days (depending on how determined the virus writer is), so it might not be exactly that message or video frame. The key element in the attack is that it tells you to download a file.


CLICK HERE TO READ THE SOURCE ARTICLE

Recycling of CD's

Although the CD has been a major invention as a portable storage media, disposal of corrupt and unsold CDs is an issue. Most CDs are manufactured from polymers, which are difficult to dispose.
A UK-based company, Polymer-Reprocessors Limited (PRL), is working towards recycling CDs and their jewel cases for making newer materials. PRL has created a system to recycle CDs and their cases for use in newer applications. Some of Europe’s largest international music companies have joined hands with PRL in this environment friendly
approach towards recycling CDs and their cases.
The CDs, along with their packing are separated into components such as paper, plastic, CDs and cases. The cases are granulated and fed into an extrusion system fitted with a laser for the removal of any contaminants.
This process produces high quality crystal polystyrene pellets, which are used in making artificial wood, insulating foams or even CD cases once again.
The discs are recycled using a specially patented recycling machine, which
removes the paint, aluminium and eventually the data.
The cleaned disc is granulated and the outcome is highquality injection moulding
grade polycarbonate, which is used in a multitude of applications—in the production
of burglar alarms,streetlights, lenses, etc.
PRL is also working towards recycling DVDs, video cassettes, audio cassettes
and tapes and computer reels.

Artificial Intelligence

It is the study of how computer systems can simulate intelligent processes such as learning, reasoning, and understanding symbolic information in context. Simply put, it is a branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans.
A new movie called AI, directed by Steven Spielberg, depicts a society that is largely dependent on intelligent robots and computer systems. While this might be far from becoming our reality, there are several areas where AI has made considerable progress.
AI involves work in algorithms, databases, and theoretical computer science as well as fields such as neuroscience, cognitive science and cognitive psychology, mathematical logic and engineering. Some areas wherein considerable progress has been made include natural language processing applications, robotics, and computer games. One of the most successful demonstrations of AI took place way back in May 1997, when a supercomputer called Deep Blue from IBM defeated world champion Gary Kasparov in a chess match.

The Laptop in 2015

Google Chrome 5 Beta: The Top Features

Google recently launched the beta version of Google Chrome 5 , the next iteration of the search giant's Web browser. New features include HTML 5 specifications like Geolocation and file drag-and-drop; expanded cloud sync capabilities; Flash integration; and JavaScript engine speed boosts.
1.Expanded Sync

Google introduced bookmark sync for Chrome last year, which allows you to store your Chrome bookmarks in the cloud and access them from any computer running Chrome. The latest beta version of Chrome expands the browser's syncing capabilities to include sync for visual "themes, homepage and startup settings, Web content settings, and language ."

To get started with Chrome beta's expanded sync, click on the wrench icon on the far right of your browser window and select 'Set up sync.' Just login to you Google account through the pop-up window that appears, and Chrome will save all your settings to your Google Docs account. (Note, though, that you cannot change your Chrome settings directly from Google Docs.)

If you don't like Google Chrome, Opera also offers a wide variety of browser syncing capabilities through its Opera Link service .

2.Run extensions in Incognito Mode
Chrome's Incognito Mode allows you to browse the Web without recording your browsing or search history and blocks Web site cookies. But Incognito Mode also prevents any of your Chrome extensions from running in the Incognito window. Chrome 5 beta now allows you to use your extensions in Incognito Mode, but you have to manually re-enable them.

To re-enable your extensions, you can either click on the 'extensions manager' link at the bottom of the Incognito Mode start page or go directly to the extensions manager page by clicking on the wrench icon on the far right of your browser window. For every extension you want to run in Incognito Mode, click the "Allow this extension to run in incognito" check box, and click "Authorize" if a pop-up window appears. But keep in mind that browser extensions will be able to record your browsing data in Incognito Mode, which kind of defeats the whole purpose of using the feature. Nevertheless, if you want to save some of those Playboy articles to Instapaper to read later, enabling extensions in Incognito Mode might be worth it for you.

Twitter hits two billion tweets a month

Microblogging site Twitter has reached yet another milestone — two billion tweets every month, the website has announced.

According to the company’s chief operating officer Dick Costolo, around 65 million tweets are sent on Twitter each day, equating to around 1.96 billion tweets every month.

Twitter reached 15 billion tweets at the end of last month, three months after it broke the 10 billion count.

Costolo also said the service sees around 135,000 new registrations each day, though it is not clear how many of those are individuals rather than businesses.

The increasingly influential company announced on Monday that it is hiring a Washington liaison to manage relations with the White House.

In an interview last month, Costolo had earmarked Los Angeles and New York as the bases that would probably be next on the expansion list, and then the UK and Japan, where the site’s growth is “massive”.

Yuvraj paid atlast...

Yuvraj sing the once upon a time hero,is removed from the national team and the reason was obvious as he lost his form and having lots of fitness problems.its an interesting thing to locate that indian players in particularly yuvraj lost his form due to lack of concentration and deviating from the work ....

He was just playing ordinary cricket not enjoying wat he is doing,as if he is just working for money and nothing else,and now the selectors felt it important to remove such a player and give the team on a whole a warning indicating that they will the next targets after yuvi ....

Many players in the past have come up and gone with time but yuvraj was different
he came like a blister and showed everyone how to hit the ball '6' times in the same over such talented player just lost his way since the IPL-3 and no one could help him out but rather the selection committee did come out with a decision and kept him out
and there ends the story of the former indian vice captian if he doest come out
good in future...
Here is a video of his clean hitting.......

Verdict that took 26 years!!!

Its about verdict that took 26 long years for the murderous Bhopal gas tragedy.
“The Bhopal Gas Tragedy “ has been lost in the collective consciousness of the nation. Yes, life has to go on - we must light candles and offer prayers for the victims of September, 11 2001 - but do spare a thought for those who lost their lives in their devotion to duty.

Third of December 1984 dawned like any other day at Bhusaval Junction the heart of Central Railway operations. It was a pleasant bracing winter morning and it was “…business as usual….” The 00-00 hours to 08-00 hours shift in the Control Office was busy tying up the loose ends of the previous day’s operations and gathering information to plan the day’s work. The telephone lines were buzzing from different directions and all the ‘control boards’ were busy like the proverbial beehives. North bound trains towards Itarsi Junction, South bound trains towards Mumbai, West bound trains towards Surat and East bound trains towards Nagpur marked their progress on the control charts.

By about 6-00 a.m it was evident that a disaster had struck Bhopal. No trains were leaving Bhopal and those which entered just seemed to have disappeared into a ‘black hole’ till the yard was full and no more trains could be admitted.
The initial reports were almost flippant – “…. some evil fairy has struck and sleeping sickness has overtaken Bhopal….” Wild rumours started spreading. In the aftermath of the 1984 riots the militant Sikh organisations were blamed for everything.
Black 3rd December brought the news that people had been dropping dead like flies in Bhopal and those who could manage were scrambling into trains which were running away from Bhopal. There was a mass exodus with the Government functionaries abandoning Bhopal and commandeering whatever vehicles were available.

Meanwhile, rumours had spread that a second wave of poisonous gas, even deadlier than the first one, had broken loose and the steady exodus further swelled due to the rush of the panic stricken residents.

Nobody knew exactly what had happened except that some gas had engulfed Bhopal and as the sun rose the gas diffused and finally dispersed leaving in its wake thousands of humans choking, coughing and blinded. The “council of war” at the Bhusaval control office decided that a relief train should start immediately. On the presumption that only a nerve gas could disable people so rapidly, all the stocks of ATROPINE were commandeered along with hundreds of vials of eye drops.We found that the ATROPINE vials and “Visine” eye drops were useless. I still do not know whether there is an antidote to METHYL ISOCYANATE - the poisonous substance which had annihilated everyone near the Union Carbide Factory in Bhopal.

Indian Bowling is wrecked without Irfan Pathan

Indian team crashed out of the tri-series and the reason for this lack of good bowling form the indian pace bowlers who couldnt take wickets early in the innings and resulting in bigger defeats with zimbabwe and srilanka ..

Wonder how the selectors are sselecting the players,no serior players in the squad is a worse thing and only the young legs trying to do something that in which they dont fit and only end up loosing the games and gaining experience as their career progress ...

Players like irfan pathan came in crucial times for the team making the team skillful in the bowling section with the swing he got the tracks and struck gold for indians in crucial games and here is a small video remembering the swing sultan..........

Indian film stars call for boycott of 'Bollywood Oscars' over Tamil deaths

The Indian film industry's "Bollywood Oscars" started in Sri Lanka today despite calls for a boycott over alleged killings of ethnic Tamil civilians.

Actors and directors from India's southern states asked stars not to attend the three-day extravaganza because of the alleged deaths caused by Sri Lankan armed forces in the last days of the island's 25-year civil war last year.

The Tamil minority have deep family and cultural links with the tens of millions of Tamils living in India, particularly in the state of Tamil Nadu.
According to Indian media, Bollywood megastar Amitabh Bachchan, his actor son Abhishek and daughter-in-law, former Miss World and actor Aishwarya Rai, have decided not to attend along with Shah Rukh Khan, the Bollywood actor who is best known internationally. All have cited work commitments.

L Suresh, head of the South Indian Film Chamber of Commerce, said the call for a boycott was "about humanitarianism not politics". He said: "You can't have people performing over freshly dug graves. We are not in the era of Genghis Khan."

However Sabba Joseph, director of Wizcraft International, which owns the International Indian Film Academy, said the event was going ahead. "Frankly, the dates and location have been known for months and it is only the last few days that people have suddenly got interested."

Actor Vivek Oberoi said he was attending despite earlier concerns, citing a charity cricket match between stars and the Sri Lankan national side to raise funds to help former Tamil Tigers child soldiers as one reason. Sri Lanka has repeatedly denied that civilians were bombarded indiscriminately at the end of the war.

Nanotechnology set to make computers faster

Scientists are looking at the possibility of replacing silicon transistors in computers with carbon nanotubes.

Johannes Svensson from the Department of Physics at the University of Gothenburg has investigated the manufacture and use of carbon nanotubes in his PhD thesis.

Svensson said: “I don’t believe that it will be cheaper to build transistors from another material than silicon, but carbon nanotubes can be used to produce smaller and faster components. This will also result in computers that consume less energy.”

The amazing development in computer power that has taken place after the invention of the integrated circuit in the 1950s has been made possible by the transistor, which is the most important component of all processors, becoming ever-faster.

The most common semiconductor material in transistors is silicon, since it is cheap and easy to process. But silicon has its limitations. As the size of the transistors is reduced in order to increase their speed, problems arise that lead to, among other things, increased energy consumption and large variation in the transistor properties.

By exchanging the silicon in the channel for a carbon nanotube, the transistors can be made both smaller and faster than today’s transistors.

A carbon nanotube is a molecule in form of a hollow cylinder with a diameter of around a nanometre (roughly 1/50,000 of the width of a human hair), which consists of pure carbon.

Some carbon nanotubes are semiconducting, and this means that they can be used in transistors, although there are several problems that must be solved before they can be connected together to form large circuits.

Svensson said: “Carbon nanotubes grow randomly and it is not possible to control either their position or direction. Therefore I have applied an electrical field to guide the tubes as they grow.” One of the effects of the electric field is that most of the carbon nanotubes lie in the same direction.

Svensson said: “In order to show that it is possible to build electronic components that contain only carbon nanotubes, I have built a transistor which not only has a carbon nanotube as its channel, but also another nanotube, which is used as the electrode that controls the current.”

Another problem that must be solved when integrating nanotubes into larger circuits is the difficulty of manufacturing good metal contacts for the tubes.

Svensson’s research has shown that the properties of the contacts depend on the diameter of the nanotubes. Choosing the correct diameter will allow good contacts with a low resistance to be achieved.